Vacuum metalizing plastic is a process that allows you to create a layer of metal on a substrate, usually of another material. Also referred to as "vacuum deposition", it involves heating the metal coating material until it vaporizes inside a vacuum chamber.
The lack of pressure in this chamber drives the metal's boiling point downward. This allows the metal vapor to condensate and form a layer over the top of a substrate of your choice. For example, the semiconductor industry uses vacuum deposition to deposit copper interconnects on silicon.
The process may use various heating methods, including plasma beams, resistance heating, and electron beams. The end result is a metal layer that can range in thickness from a single atom through to several millimeters.
The Best Metal
Compared to aluminum, copper and silver have better electrical conductivity, but copper is susceptible to oxidation and corrosion, while silver is more costly. Due to the relatively low cost and better reflective properties, the best metal material for vacuum metallization is still aluminum.
1) Aluminum: For reflective coatings, the most commonly used material is aluminum, which can produce a 90% reflectivity. Industrial, commercial and automotive lighting reflectors all use aluminum.
2) Copper: Due to its better conductive properties, it is generally used as a shielding coating. However, because it is susceptible to corrosion, it must be covered with oxide layer or another metal (such as nickel-chromium or stainless steel) to prevent discoloration or oxidation, so this coating is also thicker, typically 10 times thicker than other types of metallization.
3) Process：In the vacuum metalizing process, the material is heated until the material vaporizes in a vacuum chamber. First, take a look at two methods of vacuum metallization.
Metallization methods
There are two main types of metallization methods below.
1. Physical vapor deposition (Thermal evaporation)
Vacuum evaporation coating or vacuum coating heats the coating material in a vacuum coating environment and makes it evaporate in a very short time. The evaporated molecules of the coating material are deposited on the plastic surface to form a coating layer, which is generally used to evaporate low melting point metals such as aluminum.
This method is simple and convenient, easy to operate, fast and efficient film formation, and is the most widely used technology in thin film vacuum preparation.
2. Chemical vapor deposition (Sputtering)
The inert gas is filled in the vacuum and a high-voltage direct current is added between the plastic substrate and the metal target. The electrons generated by the glow discharge excite the inert gas and produce plasma, which knocks out the atoms of the metal target and deposits them on the plastic substrate. The adhesion of the coating film to the plastic surface is better than that of evaporation coating, and the film layer is dense and uniform.
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